```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Java try-with-resources 语法详解 | 技术小馆</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/tailwindcss/2.2.19/tailwind.min.css">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Serif+SC:wght@400;500;600;700&family=NotoSans+SC:wght@300;400;500;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@latest/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', 'Tahoma', Arial, Roboto, "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", "Droid Sans Fallback", "Heiti SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", Simsun, sans-serif;
            line-height: 1.8;
            color: #333;
        }
        h1, h2, h3, h4 {
            font-family: 'Noto Serif SC', serif;
            font-weight: 600;
        }
        .code-block {
            background-color: #282c34;
            color: #abb2bf;
            border-radius: 6px;
            padding: 1rem;
            position: relative;
            overflow-x: auto;
        }
        .code-block code {
            font-family: 'Consolas', 'Monaco', 'Courier New', monospace;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
        }
        .code-block .copy-btn {
            position: absolute;
            right: 0.5rem;
            top: 0.5rem;
            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
            border: none;
            color: white;
            padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
            border-radius: 4px;
            cursor: pointer;
            opacity: 0;
            transition: opacity 0.2s;
        }
        .code-block:hover .copy-btn {
            opacity: 1;
        }
        .highlight {
            background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);
            padding: 0.25rem 1rem;
            margin: 0 -1rem;
            display: inline-block;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-50">
    <!-- Hero Section -->
    <section class="relative bg-gradient-to-r from-blue-600 to-purple-600 text-white py-20 md:py-32">
        <div class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 max-w-5xl">
            <div class="flex flex-col items-center text-center">
                <div class="mb-6 bg-white bg-opacity-10 rounded-full p-2 inline-flex items-center">
                    <i class="fab fa-java text-2xl mr-2"></i>
                    <span class="font-semibold">Java 核心技术</span>
                </div>
                <h1 class="text-4xl md:text-5xl font-bold mb-4">深入理解 <span class="highlight">try-with-resources</span> 语法</h1>
                <p class="text-xl md:text-2xl text-blue-100 max-w-3xl">Java 7 引入的革命性资源管理机制，告别繁琐的资源释放代码</p>
                <div class="mt-8 flex space-x-4">
                    <a href="#syntax" class="px-6 py-3 bg-white text-blue-600 rounded-full font-semibold hover:bg-blue-50 transition-all">语法解析</a>
                    <a href="#benefits" class="px-6 py-3 border-2 border-white rounded-full font-semibold hover:bg-white hover:bg-opacity-10 transition-all">核心优势</a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 h-16 bg-gradient-to-t from-gray-50 to-transparent"></div>
    </section>

    <!-- Main Content -->
    <main class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 max-w-5xl py-12">
        <!-- Introduction -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg p-8">
                <div class="flex items-center mb-6">
                    <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-600 p-3 rounded-full mr-4">
                        <i class="fas fa-lightbulb text-xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h2 class="text-2xl font-bold">为什么需要 try-with-resources？</h2>
                </div>
                <p class="text-lg text-gray-700 mb-6">
                    在传统的 Java 编程中，资源管理（如文件、数据库连接、网络连接等）需要开发人员手动调用 <code>close()</code> 方法来释放资源。这不仅增加了代码复杂度，还容易因忘记关闭资源或异常导致资源泄漏。<span class="font-semibold text-blue-600">try-with-resources</span> 语法通过自动资源管理机制，极大地简化了这一过程。
                </p>
                <div class="bg-yellow-50 border-l-4 border-yellow-400 p-4">
                    <div class="flex">
                        <div class="flex-shrink-0">
                            <i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle text-yellow-400"></i>
                        </div>
                        <div class="ml-3">
                            <p class="text-sm text-yellow-700">
                                资源泄漏是 Java 程序中常见的问题，可能导致文件描述符耗尽、数据库连接池饱和等严重问题。
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Syntax Structure -->
        <section id="syntax" class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="w-2 h-8 bg-purple-600 rounded mr-4"></div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">语法结构与工作原理</h2>
            </div>

            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-8">
                <!-- Basic Syntax -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden">
                    <div class="bg-purple-600 text-white px-6 py-4">
                        <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-code mr-2"></i> 基本语法结构
                        </h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <div class="code-block mb-4">
                            <button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">
                                <i class="far fa-copy"></i>
                            </button>
                            <code>
try (ResourceType resource = new ResourceType()) {
    // 使用 resource 执行操作
} catch (Exception e) {
    // 异常处理
} finally {
    // 资源的关闭操作由 try-with-resources 自动处理
}
                            </code>
                        </div>
                        <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700">
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span><code>ResourceType</code> 必须实现 <code>AutoCloseable</code> 或其子接口 <code>Closeable</code></span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>资源声明放在 <code>try</code> 关键字后的圆括号内</span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>无需手动调用 <code>close()</code> 方法</span>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Multiple Resources -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden">
                    <div class="bg-blue-600 text-white px-6 py-4">
                        <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-layer-group mr-2"></i> 多资源管理
                        </h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <div class="code-block mb-4">
                            <button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">
                                <i class="far fa-copy"></i>
                            </button>
                            <code>
try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"));
     PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("output.txt"))) {
    // 使用 reader 和 writer 执行操作
} catch (IOException e) {
    // 异常处理
}
                            </code>
                        </div>
                        <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700">
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-arrow-down text-blue-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>多个资源按声明顺序初始化</span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-arrow-up text-blue-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>关闭顺序与初始化顺序相反</span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-link text-blue-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>资源之间用分号 <code>;</code> 分隔</span>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Workflow Diagram -->
        <section class="mb-16 bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg p-6">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="w-2 h-8 bg-blue-600 rounded mr-4"></div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">自动关闭机制工作流程</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="mermaid">
                sequenceDiagram
                    participant User
                    participant JVM
                    participant Resource

                    User->>JVM: 执行 try-with-resources 代码块
                    JVM->>Resource: 初始化资源 (new ResourceType())
                    JVM->>Resource: 调用业务方法
                    alt 业务代码正常执行
                        JVM->>Resource: 自动调用 close()
                    else 业务代码抛出异常
                        JVM->>Resource: 自动调用 close()
                        JVM->>User: 抛出业务异常
                    end
            </div>
            <div class="mt-8 grid md:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
                <div class="bg-gray-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                    <div class="text-blue-600 mb-2">
                        <i class="fas fa-cog text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="font-semibold mb-2">1. 资源初始化</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-600 text-sm">在 try 块的括号内初始化资源对象</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-gray-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                    <div class="text-blue-600 mb-2">
                        <i class="fas fa-code text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="font-semibold mb-2">2. 执行业务代码</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-600 text-sm">执行 try 块中的资源操作代码</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-gray-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                    <div class="text-blue-600 mb-2">
                        <i class="fas fa-power-off text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="font-semibold mb-2">3. 自动关闭资源</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-600 text-sm">无论是否发生异常，都会调用 close()</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Key Points -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="w-2 h-8 bg-green-600 rounded mr-4"></div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">核心要点</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="space-y-6">
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden">
                    <div class="border-b border-gray-200 px-6 py-4 bg-gray-50">
                        <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mr-2"></i> 实现接口要求
                        </h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">
                            资源类必须实现 <code>AutoCloseable</code> 或其子接口 <code>Closeable</code> 接口。这两个接口都定义了 <code>close()</code> 方法：
                        </p>
                        <div class="code-block mb-4">
                            <button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">
                                <i class="far fa-copy"></i>
                            </button>
                            <code>
public interface AutoCloseable {
    void close() throws Exception;
}

public interface Closeable extends AutoCloseable {
    void close() throws IOException;
}
                            </code>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-gray-700">
                            Java 标准库中大多数资源类（如 <code>InputStream</code>, <code>OutputStream</code>, <code>Connection</code> 等）都实现了这些接口。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden">
                    <div class="border-b border-gray-200 px-6 py-4 bg-gray-50">
                        <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-exclamation-triangle text-yellow-500 mr-2"></i> 异常处理机制
                        </h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">
                            try-with-resources 语法对异常处理有特殊的机制：
                        </p>
                        <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700">
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-600 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-2 flex-shrink-0">
                                    <span class="text-xs font-bold">1</span>
                                </div>
                                <span>
                                    如果 <code>try</code> 块和 <code>close()</code> 方法都抛出异常，<code>close()</code> 方法的异常会被抑制，但可以通过 <code>Throwable.getSuppressed()</code> 方法获取
                                </span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-600 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-2 flex-shrink-0">
                                    <span class="text-xs font-bold">2</span>
                                </div>
                                <span>
                                    多个资源关闭时，如果多个 <code>close()</code> 方法抛出异常，后面抛出的异常会被抑制
                                </span>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Benefits -->
        <section id="benefits" class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="w-2 h-8 bg-orange-600 rounded mr-4"></div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">核心优势</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden transform hover:-translate-y-1 transition-transform">
                    <div class="bg-gradient-to-r from-blue-500 to-blue-600 text-white px-6 py-8 text-center">
                        <i class="fas fa-code text-4xl mb-4"></i>
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-2">代码简洁</h3>
                        <p class="opacity-90">减少样板代码，提高可读性</p>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <p class="text-gray-700">
                            相比传统的 try-finally 方式，代码量减少 30-50%，逻辑更加清晰，更易于维护。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden transform hover:-translate-y-1 transition-transform">
                    <div class="bg-gradient-to-r from-purple-500 to-purple-600 text-white px-6 py-8 text-center">
                        <i class="fas fa-shield-alt text-4xl mb-4"></i>
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-2">安全可靠</h3>
                        <p class="opacity-90">防止资源泄漏</p>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <p class="text-gray-700">
                            自动确保资源被正确关闭，即使在异常情况下也不会造成资源泄漏，提高程序稳定性。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden transform hover:-translate-y-1 transition-transform">
                    <div class="bg-gradient-to-r from-green-500 to-green-600 text-white px-6 py-8 text-center">
                        <i class="fas fa-bolt text-4xl mb-4"></i>
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-2">开发效率</h3>
                        <p class="opacity-90">减少常见错误</p>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <p class="text-gray-700">
                            消除手动管理资源的潜在错误，让开发者更专注于业务逻辑实现而非资源管理细节。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Comparison -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg p-8">
                <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                    <div class="w-2 h-8 bg-red-600 rounded mr-4"></div>
                    <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">与传统方式的对比</h2>
                </div>
                <div class="overflow-x-auto">
                    <table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200">
                        <thead class="bg-gray-50">
                            <tr>
                                <th scope="col" class="px-6 py-3 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">比较项</th>
                                <th scope="col" class="px-6 py-3 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">try-with-resources</th>
                                <th scope="col" class="px-6 py-3 text-left text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">传统 try-finally</th>
                            </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="bg-white divide-y divide-gray-200">
                            <tr>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">代码量</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">简洁</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">冗长</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">资源泄漏风险</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">极低</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">较高</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">异常处理</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">自动处理关闭异常</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">需手动处理</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">多资源管理</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">简单直观</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">嵌套复杂</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">可读性</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">高</td>
                                <td class="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">低</td>
                            </tr>
                        </tbody>
                    </table>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Best Practices -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="w-2 h-8 bg-indigo-600 rounded mr-4"></div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">最佳实践</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="space-y-6">
                <div class="flex items-start bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6 border-l-4 border-indigo-500">
                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-600 rounded-full p-3 mr-4">
                        <i class="fas fa-check"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-2">优先使用 try-with-resources</h3>
                        <p class="text-gray-700">
                            只要资源实现了 <code>AutoCloseable</code> 接口，就应该使用 try-with-resources 语法来管理资源，特别是在 Java 7 及更高版本中。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="flex items-start bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6 border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 bg-blue-100 text-blue-600 rounded-full p-3 mr-4">
                        <i class="fas fa-exclamation"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-2">关注资源初始化顺序</h3>
                        <p class="text-gray-700">
                            当管理多个资源时，注意它们的依赖关系。被依赖的资源应该先初始化（最后关闭）。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="flex items-start bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6 border-l-4 border-green-500">
                    <div class="flex-shrink-0 bg-green-100 text-green-600 rounded-full p-3 mr-4">
                        <i class="fas fa-bug"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-2">正确处理抑制异常</h3>
                        <p class="text-gray-700">
                            如果需要处理 <code>close()</code> 方法抛出的异常，可以通过 <code>Throwable.getSuppressed()</code> 方法获取被抑制的异常。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>
    </main>

    <!-- Footer -->
    <footer class="bg-gray-900 text-gray-300 py-12">
        <div class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 max-w-5xl">
            <div class="flex flex-col items-center">
                <div class="mb-4">
                    <span class="text-xl font-semibold text-white">技术小馆</span>
                </div>
                <div class="mb-6">
                    <a href="http://www.yuque.com/jtostring" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">http://www.yuque.com/jtostring</a>
                </div>
                <div class="flex space-x-4">
                    <a href="#" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">
                        <i class="fab fa-github text-xl"></i>
                    </a>
                    <a href="#" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">
                        <i class="fab fa-twitter text-xl"></i>
                    </a>
                    <a href="#" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">
                        <i class="fab fa-weixin text-xl"></i>
                    </a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script>
        // Initialize Mermaid
        mermaid.initialize({
            startOnLoad: true,
            theme: 'default',
            flowchart: {
                useMaxWidth: true,
                htmlLabels: true,
                curve: 'basis'
            },
            sequence: {
                diagramMarginX: 50,
                diagramMarginY: 10,
                boxTextMargin: 5,
                noteMargin: 10,
                messageMargin: 35,
                mirrorActors: false
            }
        });

        // Copy code block
        function copyCode(button) {
            const codeBlock = button.parentElement;
            const code = codeBlock.querySelector('code').textContent;
            navigator.clipboard.writeText(code).then(() => {
                const originalIcon = button.innerHTML;
                button.innerHTML = '<i class="fas fa-check"></i>';
                setTimeout(() => {
                    button.innerHTML = originalIcon;
                }, 2000);
            });
        }

        // Add hover effect to table rows
        document.querySelectorAll('tbody tr').forEach(row => {
            row.addEventListener('mouseenter', () => {
                row.classList.add('bg-gray-50');
            });
            row.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => {
                row.classList.remove('bg-gray-50');
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>
```